{"id":439,"date":"2010-08-27T18:00:35","date_gmt":"2010-08-27T10:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zhouqiche.cn\/?p=439"},"modified":"2010-08-18T20:15:11","modified_gmt":"2010-08-18T12:15:11","slug":"trips%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%b5%b7%e5%85%b3%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e4%ba%a7%e6%9d%83%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zhouqiche.cn\/?p=439","title":{"rendered":"TRIPs\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d \u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1<\/strong>\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n

WTO\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u6210\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u5e03\u56fd\u5185\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4eba\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u3002TRIPs\u7b2c63\u6761\u5c31\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u201d\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5404\u6210\u5458\u6240\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4e0eTRIPs\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7ec8\u5ba1\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u51b3\u548c\u7ec8\u5c40\u884c\u653f\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5747\u5e94\u4ee5\u8be5\u56fd\u6587\u5b57\u9881\u5e03\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u65e0\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u4ee5\u8be5\u56fd\u6587\u5b57\u4f7f\u516c\u4f17\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5404\u6210\u5458\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u6743\u5229\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u6089\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4e0eTRIPs\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u6743\u5229\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u89c4\u7ae0\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u2014\u2014\u6765\u884c\u653f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u636e\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u900f\u660e\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u6d77\u5173\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u516c\u5e03\u3002\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6240\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f721999\u5e7412\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u5173\u4e8e\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u5730\u6d77\u5173\u5bf9\u5176\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u6e05\u7406[4]\u3002<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c1\u8282\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6267\u6cd5\u7684\u603b\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u7b2c41\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6267\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6216\u82b1\u8d39\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u6216\u65e0\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u62d6\u5ef6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4f55\u8c13\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\u201d\u3001\u4f55\u8c13\u201c\u590d\u6742\u201d\u7b49\u5747\u65e0\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5404\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u4f53\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u4ece\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u3001\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc4\u5224\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6cd5\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\uff08\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u6267\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u79cd\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u96be\u9884\u6599\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u89e3\u91caTRIPs\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\u201d\u3001\u201c\u82b1\u8d39\u8fc7\u9ad8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u590d\u6742\u201d\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u636e\u6b64\u6765\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bf4\u4e09\u9053\u56db\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u9053\u7d27\u7b8d\u5492\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u592a\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5374\u53c8\u5341\u5206\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u65e0\u5b54\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6700\u540e\u201c\u8d39\u7528\u627f\u62c5\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

3<\/strong>\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u590d\u5ba1\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c41\u6761\u7b2c4\u6b3e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u975e\u7684\u521d\u5ba1\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e94\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u53f8\u6cd5\u5f53\u5c40\u590d\u5ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u540c\u65f6\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6d77\u5173\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u6d77\u5173\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u7b2c30\u6761\u5df2\u8d4b\u4e88\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u590d\u8bae\u3001\u63d0\u8d77\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u7b26\u5408TRIPs\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u5e76\u672a\u8d4b\u4e88\u6536\/\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u5bf9\u6d77\u5173\u4e2d\u6b62\u653e\u884c\u63aa\u65bd\u63d0\u8d77\u590d\u8bae\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662fTRIPs\u7b2c55\u6761\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u65f6\u5e94\u4f5c\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09 <\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f53\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u3001 TRIPs\u7b2c51\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u5fc5\u987b\u4e2d\u6b62\u5bf9\u5047\u5192\u5546\u6807\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u76d7<\/p>\n

\u7248\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u653e\u884c\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201d\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cTRIPs\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09? \u6d77\u5173\u8981\u6253\u51fb\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5047\u5192\u5546\u6807\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u76d7\u7248\u5546\u54c1\uff1b<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u4ec5\u9650\u8fdb\u53e3\u73af\u8282\uff1b<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff0cTRIPs\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f5c\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u5404\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

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2\u3001TRIPs\u7b2c60\u6761\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u674e\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5c0f\u4ef6\u6258\u8fd0\u4e2d\u8fd0\u9001\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u201d\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u653e\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u7684\u7b2c33\u6761\u4e5f\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4eba\u643a\u5e26\u8fdb\u5883\u7684\u884c\u674e\u7269\u54c1\u3001\u90ae\u5bc4\u8fdb\u51fa\u5883\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u81ea\u7528\u3001\u5408\u7406\u6570\u91cf\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u7167\u6761\u4f8b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

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1\u3001 <\/strong>\u7533\u8bf7<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c52\u6761\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6301\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u5e94\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0b\u5217\u6750\u6599\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u8db3\u591f\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u3001\u4f7f\u6d77\u5173\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u8bc6\u522b\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8be5\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5173\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6d77\u5173\u53ca\u65f6\u8bc6\u522b\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8be5\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u7b2c13\u6761\u3001\u201c\u5b9e\u65bd\u529e\u6cd5\u201d\u7b2c15\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\uff1a\u4fb5\u6743\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u89c4\u683c\uff0c\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u51fa\u7684\u53e3\u5cb8\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6536\/\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4fb5\u6743\u5acc\u7591\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4fb5\u6743\u8bc1\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u751a\u81f3\u82db\u523b\u5230\u4e86\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u53f7[8]\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u6d77\u5173\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u6d77\u5173\u5173\u5458\u8bc6\u522b\u4fb5\u72af\u5546\u6807\u6743\u6216\u7248\u6743\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u5982\u4e00\u5bb6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5973\u7528\u94b1\u5305\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5728\u5176\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u5546\u54c1\u4e0a\u6253\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d77\u5173\u7ecf\u57f9\u8bad\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4e2d\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u6279\u5047\u5192\u8d27\u7269\u88ab\u9274\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u94b1\u5305\u4e0a\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684[9]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u9274\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u914d\u5408\u6d77\u5173\u5bf9UL? \u5546\u6807\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c2000\u5e745\u670824-26\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fdUL\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3a\u6df1\u5733\u6d77\u5173\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e24\u671fUL\u5546\u6807\u8bc6\u522b\u77e5\u8bc6\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u67e5\u5904\u5047\u5192UL\u5546\u6807\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840[10]\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001 <\/strong>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c53\u6761\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u6210\u5458\u6388\u6743\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u8981\u6c42\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u6216\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u6570\u989d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\uff1a\u4e0e\u8fdb\u53e3\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5230\u5cb8\u4ef7\u683c\u6216\u51fa\u53e3\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u79bb\u5cb8\u4ef7\u683c\u7b49\u503c\uff08\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u7b2c14\u6761\uff09\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u6d77\u5173\u4f30\u4ef7\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u201c\u5b9e\u65bd\u529e\u6cd5\u201d\u7b2c16\u6761\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c53\u6761\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\u8fd8\u8be6\u5c3d\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u53cd\u62c5\u4fdd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82e5\u6210\u5458\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u5c40\u672a\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u671f\u9650\u5185\u6279\u51c6\u4e34\u65f6\u6551\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u4eba\u6216\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u5229\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8d27\u7269\u6709\u6743\u5f97\u5230\u653e\u884c\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u662f\u8fdb\u53e3\u8d27\u7269\u5230\u5cb8\u4ef7\u683c\u6216\u51fa\u53e3\u8d27\u7269\u79bb\u5cb8\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u5229\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8d27\u7269\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u7684\u53cd\u62c5\u4fdd\u91d1\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u5229\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53c8\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u82b1\u8d39\u8fc7\u9ad8\u201d\u7684TRIPs\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff1f\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u56fa\u7136\u4fbf\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u4e2a\u6848\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u90fd\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u516c\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

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3\u3001 <\/strong>\u4e2d\u6b62\u653e\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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4\u3001 <\/strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u53ca\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u6743<\/strong><\/p>\n

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5\u3001 <\/strong>\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c46\u6761\u300159\u6761\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4f5c\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u603b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u6743\u5229\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u635f\u5bb3\u4e3a\u9650\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u6392\u9664\u51fa\u5546\u4e1a\u6e20\u9053\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u9500\u6bc1\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8865\u507f\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fb5\u6743\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4e3a\u9650\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u539f\u6599\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u6392\u9664\u51fa\u5546\u4e1a\u6e20\u9053\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5047\u5192\u5546\u6807\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4ec5\u5c06\u975e\u6cd5\u9644\u7740\u5728\u5546\u54c1\u4e0a\u7684\u5546\u6807\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5546\u54c1\u6295\u653e\u5546\u4e1a\u6e20\u9053\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u5047\u5192\u5546\u6807\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u9664\u4e2a\u522b\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u5f97\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u4fb5\u6743\u5546\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d77\u5173\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u5546\u54c1\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u9000\u8fd0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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6\u3001 <\/strong>\u4f9d\u804c\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRIPs\u7b2c58\u6761\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5c40\u53ca\u5176\u5b98\u5458\u662f\u5728\u5584\u610f\u91c7\u53d6\u6216\u8bd5\u56fe\u91c7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u9664\u5176\u4e3a\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u800c\u5e94\u8d1f\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u82e5\u5e72\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u63a2\u8ba8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09 <\/strong>\u5bf9\u201c\u76d7\u7248\u201d\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u6743<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u8d39\u7528\u627f\u62c5\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u88ab\u6263\u7559\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u7528\u53ca\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u9500\u6bc1\u8d39\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u7b2c25\u6761\u3001\u201c\u5b9e\u65bd\u529e\u6cd5\u201d\u7b2c27\u300129\u300130\u6761\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001 \u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u673a\u5173\u8c03\u67e5\u6392\u9664\u4fb5\u6743\u5acc\u7591\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u6020\u4e8e\u884c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6d77\u5173<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u6240\u6263\u7559\u8d27\u7269\u653e\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d39\u4ece\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\u3001 \u7ecf\u8c03\u67e5\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u6536\/\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d39\u3001\u4fb5\u6743<\/p>\n

\u8d27\u7269\u5904\u7f6e\u8d39\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u4ece\u5176\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\uff1b<\/p>\n

3\u3001 \u82e5\u6536\/\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u672a\u6309\u7167\u201c\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u7b2c19\u6761\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8c\u500d\u7684\u53cd\u62c5\u4fdd\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8d27\u7269\u7684<\/p>\n

\u5148\u653e\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u8d27\u7269\u7cfb\u4fb5\u6743\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u5219\u8d27\u7269\u5728\u6263\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d39\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u8d39\u4ece\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\uff1b<\/p>\n

4\u3001 \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d39\u3001\u5904\u7f6e\u8d39\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1b<\/p>\n

5\u3001 \u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u507f\u4ed8\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d39\u3001\u5904\u7f6e\u8d39\u548c\u8ffd\u7f34\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u7b49\u503c\u4ef7<\/p>\n

\u6b3e\u7684\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u6709\u6743\u4e88\u4ee5\u8ffd\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b14\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d39\u3001\u5904\u7f6e\u8d39\u82e5\u662f\u8ba9\u4fb5\u6743\u4eba\u6765\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8005\u7406\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fb5\u6743\u4f01\u4e1a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u6bd4\u5982\u6d77\u5173\u5728\u6e05\u67e5\u8d85\u671f\u65e0\u4e3b\u8d27\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u7684\u5047\u5192\u201cNIKE\u201d\u5546\u6807\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u978b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6d77\u5173\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u9500\u6bc1\u8d39\u7528\uff1b\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fb5\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u7b14\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u53c8\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u8ffd\u7f34\uff1f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7eb5\u7136\u591a\u662f\u5e94\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u662f\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6d77\u5173\u7f09\u79c1\u8247\u51fa\u6d77\u4e0d\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u8d70\u79c1\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u6cb9\u6599\u8d39\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7531\u6d77\u5173\u627f\u62c5\u4fb5\u6743\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u8d39\u7528\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u6765\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e5f\u5e94\u662f\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u628a\u6d77\u5173\u7f5a\u6ca1\u6b3e\u9879\u8fd4\u8fd8\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u4ee5\u51b2\u62b5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u662f\u8ba9\u6743\u5229\u4eba\uff08\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff09\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u8fb9\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5229\u5f00\u5c55\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b2c3\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b89\u6392\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6096\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u82b1\u8d39\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6216\u627f\u62c5\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u201d\u7684TRIPs\u603b\u539f\u5219\u3002\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u62c5\u4fdd\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4fdd\u62a4\u7533\u8bf7\u65f6\u6240\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5bf9\u6536\/\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6536\/\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u56e0\u8d27\u7269\u88ab\u6263\u7559\u800c\u591a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4ed3\u50a8\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/span> \u7ed3? \u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u603b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\uff0cTRIPs \u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6d77\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u6267\u6cd5\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ec5\u662f\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u5b54\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u6587\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0a\u5c1a\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u501f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u7816\u5f15\u8d77\u66f4\u591a\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53bb\u6b63\u89c6\u3001\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u7f29\u5c0f\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u540e\u6d88\u9664\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n

[1] \u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n

[2] \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] \u53c2\u89c1\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a<\/p>\n

[4] \u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u900f\u660e\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u72b6\u51b5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u3001\u8fdd\u5baa\u5ba1\u67e5\u7b49\u3002\u300a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

[5] \u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u7f51\u7ad9
\n[6] \u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7f72\u653f\u6cd5\u53f81999\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u4e0b\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f81\u6c42\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6d77\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u4fee\u8ba2\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u201d\uff08\u653f\u6cd5[1999]132\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u901a\u77e5\u9644\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u4fa7\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u548c\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c<\/p>\n

[7] \u5434\u7acb\u5e73\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u5907\u6848\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[8] \u5b54\u52e4\u201c\u6d77\u5173\u5b9e\u65bd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u8fb9\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

[11] \u5b54\u52e4\u201c\u6d77\u5173\u5b9e\u65bd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u8fb9\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d<\/p>\n

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